{
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-17",
    "currency": "USD",
    "note": "Every value carries its source URL and fetch date. Values with verified:false could not be confirmed from the cited source.",
    "tasks": {
      "sandbox": {
        "label": "Code-agent task",
        "vcpu": 2,
        "memGiB": 4,
        "minutes": 5,
        "cpuUtilization": 0.1,
        "description": "2 vCPU / 4 GiB sandbox for 5 minutes at 10% CPU utilization (most time spent waiting on the LLM). Mirrors Vercel's own \"AI code validation\" example."
      },
      "browser": {
        "label": "Browser-agent task",
        "minutes": 3,
        "description": "One 3-minute cloud browser session, headless where the provider prices it separately, with no proxy, CAPTCHA or LLM costs."
      }
    }
  },
  "providers": [
    {
      "id": "e2b",
      "name": "E2B",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "website": "https://e2b.dev",
      "pricingUrl": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://e2b.dev/terms",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Per second, wall-clock, for provisioned vCPU and RAM. Storage included.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "vCPU",
          "value": 0.000014,
          "unit": "$/vCPU-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "RAM",
          "value": 0.0000045,
          "unit": "$/GiB-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Storage",
          "value": 0,
          "unit": "included",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "wallclock",
        "cpuPerVcpuSec": 0.000014,
        "memPerGiBSec": 0.0000045
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Hobby: $0/mo, one-time $100 usage credit, no credit card.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Hobby",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "One-time $100 credit",
          "concurrency": "20",
          "maxSession": "1 hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Pro",
          "monthlyFee": 150,
          "included": "Usage billed separately",
          "concurrency": "100 (add-ons to 600 / 1,100)",
          "maxSession": "24 hours",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Enterprise",
          "monthlyFee": null,
          "included": "$3,000 monthly minimum",
          "concurrency": "Custom",
          "maxSession": "Custom",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "vCPU / RAM per sandbox",
          "value": "1–8 vCPU, 1–8 GiB (default 2 vCPU / 4 GiB)",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "GPU",
          "value": "None (CPU-only)",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Firecracker microVM",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://e2b.dev/security",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Python, JS/TS",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://e2b.dev/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null
    },
    {
      "id": "daytona",
      "name": "Daytona",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "website": "https://www.daytona.io",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://www.daytona.io/terms-of-service",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Per second, pay-as-you-go.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "vCPU",
          "value": 0.0504,
          "unit": "$/vCPU-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Memory",
          "value": 0.0162,
          "unit": "$/GiB-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Storage (after first 5 GiB free)",
          "value": 0.000108,
          "unit": "$/GiB-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Windows OS",
          "value": 0.0858,
          "unit": "$/vCPU-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "wallclock",
        "cpuPerVcpuSec": 0.000014,
        "memPerGiBSec": 0.0000045
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "$200 in free compute, no credit card.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Pay as you go",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "$200 free compute (one-time)",
          "concurrency": null,
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Startups",
          "monthlyFee": null,
          "included": "Up to $50k credits (application)",
          "concurrency": null,
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Concurrency / session limits",
          "value": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.daytona.io/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": false,
            "note": "Not listed on the pricing page; not verified."
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Container class (namespaces) or VM class (own kernel)",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.daytona.io/docs/en/isolation.md",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Python, TypeScript, Go, Ruby, Java",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.daytona.io/docs/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null
    },
    {
      "id": "modal",
      "name": "Modal",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "website": "https://modal.com",
      "pricingUrl": "https://modal.com/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://modal.com/legal/terms",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Per second. Billed on max(requested, actual) CPU and memory. Min 0.125 cores / 128 MiB per container. 1 physical core = 2 vCPU.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Sandbox CPU (physical core = 2 vCPU)",
          "value": 0.00003942,
          "unit": "$/core-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Sandbox memory",
          "value": 0.00000667,
          "unit": "$/GiB-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Region selection",
          "value": "1.15–1.75×",
          "unit": "multiplier on base price",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Non-preemptible",
          "value": "3×",
          "unit": "multiplier on base price",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "modal",
        "cpuPerCoreSec": 0.00003942,
        "memPerGiBSec": 0.00000667,
        "minCores": 0.125,
        "minMemGiB": 0.125
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Starter: $0/mo with $30/mo included compute.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Starter",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "$30/mo compute",
          "concurrency": "100 containers",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Team",
          "monthlyFee": 250,
          "included": "$100/mo compute",
          "concurrency": "5,000 containers",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Seats on Starter",
          "value": "Up to 3",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://modal.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "gVisor (or microVMs)",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://modal.com/docs/guide/security",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Python; JS/TS and Go (beta)",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://modal.com/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null
    },
    {
      "id": "vercel",
      "name": "Vercel Sandbox",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "website": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox",
      "pricingUrl": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://vercel.com/legal/terms",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Active CPU (I/O wait not billed) + provisioned memory (1-minute minimum) + per-creation fee. Rates for the default iad1 region. Each vCPU includes 2 GB memory.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Active CPU",
          "value": 0.128,
          "unit": "$/vCPU-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Provisioned memory",
          "value": 0.0212,
          "unit": "$/GB-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Sandbox creations",
          "value": 0.6,
          "unit": "$/1M creations",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Snapshot storage",
          "value": 0.08,
          "unit": "$/GB-month",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "vercel",
        "activeCpuPerVcpuHour": 0.128,
        "memPerGBHour": 0.0212,
        "memMinSec": 60,
        "perCreation": 6e-7,
        "memPerVcpuGB": 2
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Hobby: 5 active-CPU hours, 420 GB-hours, 5,000 creations per month. Personal/non-commercial use only per Vercel ToS.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Hobby",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "5 CPU-h, 420 GB-h, 5,000 creations / mo",
          "concurrency": "10",
          "maxSession": "45 minutes",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Pro",
          "monthlyFee": 20,
          "included": "$20/mo usage credit",
          "concurrency": "10,000",
          "maxSession": "24 hours",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Max vCPU / memory",
          "value": "Hobby 4 / 8 GB; Pro 8 / 16 GB; Enterprise 32 / 64 GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Disk",
          "value": "64 GB ephemeral NVMe",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "vCPU allocation rate",
          "value": "Hobby 20–40/min; Pro up to 5,000/min",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Firecracker microVM",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true,
          "note": "Stated in Vercel docs linked from the pricing page (\"isolated Firecracker microVMs\")."
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "TypeScript, Python",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/vercel-sandbox",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": "Hobby plan is for personal or non-commercial use only (vercel.com/legal/terms)."
    },
    {
      "id": "cloudflare",
      "name": "Cloudflare Sandbox",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "website": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/sandbox/",
      "pricingUrl": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
      "termsUrl": "https://www.cloudflare.com/terms/",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Billed per 10 ms of active running. Memory and disk on the provisioned instance type; CPU on active usage only. Requires Workers Paid ($5/mo). Worker, Durable Object and log charges are extra.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "CPU (beyond 375 vCPU-min/mo included)",
          "value": 0.00002,
          "unit": "$/vCPU-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Memory (beyond 25 GiB-h/mo included)",
          "value": 0.0000025,
          "unit": "$/GiB-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Disk (beyond 200 GB-h/mo included)",
          "value": 7e-8,
          "unit": "$/GB-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Egress NA/EU (beyond 1 TB)",
          "value": 0.025,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "cloudflare",
        "cpuPerVcpuSec": 0.00002,
        "memPerGiBSec": 0.0000025,
        "diskPerGBSec": 7e-8,
        "instances": [
          {
            "name": "lite",
            "vcpu": 0.0625,
            "memGiB": 0.25,
            "diskGB": 2
          },
          {
            "name": "basic",
            "vcpu": 0.25,
            "memGiB": 1,
            "diskGB": 4
          },
          {
            "name": "standard-1",
            "vcpu": 0.5,
            "memGiB": 4,
            "diskGB": 8
          },
          {
            "name": "standard-2",
            "vcpu": 1,
            "memGiB": 6,
            "diskGB": 12
          },
          {
            "name": "standard-3",
            "vcpu": 2,
            "memGiB": 8,
            "diskGB": 16
          },
          {
            "name": "standard-4",
            "vcpu": 4,
            "memGiB": 12,
            "diskGB": 20
          }
        ]
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "No free tier for Containers. Workers Paid ($5/mo) includes 375 vCPU-min, 25 GiB-h memory, 200 GB-h disk.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Workers Paid",
          "monthlyFee": 5,
          "included": "375 vCPU-min, 25 GiB-h, 200 GB-h disk / mo",
          "concurrency": null,
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Largest instance type",
          "value": "standard-4: 4 vCPU, 12 GiB, 20 GB disk",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/containers/pricing/",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Each sandbox in its own VM",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/sandbox/sdk/concepts/security/index.md",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "TypeScript (runs in a Worker)",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/sandbox/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": "Sandbox pricing docs describe SDK 0.x (based on Containers). No separate pricing page for @cloudflare/sandbox 1.0 was found, so treat these as Containers rates.",
      "unverified": [
        "Separate pricing for Sandboxes 1.0 (if any)",
        "Workers / Durable Objects charges per sandbox"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "blaxel",
      "name": "Blaxel",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "website": "https://blaxel.ai",
      "pricingUrl": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://blaxel.ai/legal/terms/2025-12-10-blaxel-terms-and-conditions.pdf",
      "benchmarks": false,
      "benchmarksExcludedReason": "Blaxel's terms prohibit publishing benchmarks or performance information about Blaxel (Terms & Conditions, restriction (f)). Coldtally lists Blaxel pricing only.",
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Active CPU billed by allocated memory; CPU scales automatically. Auto-suspends ~5 s after idle, and suspended time isn't billed.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Sandbox active compute",
          "value": 0.0000115,
          "unit": "$/GB RAM-second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Snapshot storage",
          "value": 0.2,
          "unit": "$/GB-month",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Images",
          "value": 0.045,
          "unit": "$/GB-month",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Volumes",
          "value": 0.12,
          "unit": "$/GB-month",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "blaxel",
        "memPerGBSec": 0.0000115,
        "assumption": "Assumes the sandbox is active for the full duration (upper bound). Idle time after ~5 s is not billed."
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Up to $200 in free credits; Tier 0 (free) allows 10 sandboxes.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Pay-as-you-go Tier 0",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "Up to $200 free credits",
          "concurrency": "10 sandboxes",
          "maxSession": "Seconds to multiple days",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Tier 1",
          "monthlyFee": 20,
          "included": "$20/mo minimum top-up",
          "concurrency": "50 sandboxes",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Tier 2",
          "monthlyFee": 50,
          "included": "$50/mo minimum top-up",
          "concurrency": "200 sandboxes",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Max RAM (Custom plan)",
          "value": "Up to 256 GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Hardware-isolated microVM",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://blaxel.ai/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Python, TypeScript, Go",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://blaxel.ai/terms",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true,
          "note": "Listed in blaxel.ai site navigation (\"Python, TypeScript, and Go SDKs\")."
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null
    },
    {
      "id": "browserbase",
      "name": "Browserbase",
      "category": "browser",
      "website": "https://www.browserbase.com",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://www.browserbase.com/terms-of-service",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Browser hours included per plan, then per-hour overage. Billing granularity (per second / per minute) not stated on the pricing page.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Browser hours (Developer overage)",
          "value": 0.12,
          "unit": "$/browser-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Browser hours (Startup overage)",
          "value": 0.1,
          "unit": "$/browser-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Proxies (Developer)",
          "value": 12,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Proxies (Startup)",
          "value": 10,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "perHour",
        "perHour": 0.12,
        "rounding": "unverified",
        "planLabel": "Developer overage rate"
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Free: 1 browser hour, 3 concurrent browsers, 15 min/session.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Free",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "1 browser hour",
          "concurrency": "3",
          "maxSession": "15 minutes",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Developer",
          "monthlyFee": 20,
          "included": "100 browser hours",
          "concurrency": "25",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Startup",
          "monthlyFee": 99,
          "included": "500 browser hours",
          "concurrency": "100",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Data retention",
          "value": "Free 7 days; paid 30 days",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Managed cloud Chromium",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.browserbase.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": false,
          "note": "Session isolation mechanism not documented on the pricing page."
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Node.js, Python; Playwright / Puppeteer / Selenium via CDP",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://docs.browserbase.com/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null,
      "unverified": [
        "Billing granularity / minimum session charge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "steel",
      "name": "Steel",
      "category": "browser",
      "website": "https://steel.dev",
      "pricingUrl": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://steel.dev/terms",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Plan fee plus usage. Billing granularity not stated on the pricing page.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Browser hours (Launch)",
          "value": 0.1,
          "unit": "$/browser-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Browser hours (Scale)",
          "value": 0.08,
          "unit": "$/browser-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Proxy bandwidth (Launch)",
          "value": 10,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "CAPTCHA solves (Launch)",
          "value": 3,
          "unit": "$/1k",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "perHour",
        "perHour": 0.1,
        "rounding": "unverified",
        "planLabel": "Launch rate"
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Launch: $0/mo, $30 one-time credits, no credit card.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Launch",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "$30 credits (one-time)",
          "concurrency": "10",
          "maxSession": "15 minutes",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Scale",
          "monthlyFee": 250,
          "included": "$100 credits / month",
          "concurrency": "100",
          "maxSession": "1 hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Requests per minute",
          "value": "Launch 60; Scale 600",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Managed cloud Chromium",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://steel.dev/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": false,
          "note": "Isolation mechanism not documented on the pricing page."
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Node.js, Python",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://docs.steel.dev/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null,
      "unverified": [
        "Billing granularity / minimum session charge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "kernel",
      "name": "KERNEL",
      "category": "browser",
      "website": "https://www.kernel.sh",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.kernel.sh/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://www.kernel.sh/docs/tos",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Per second of active runtime only. A browser enters Standby 5 s after its last CDP / Live View activity and stops accruing cost.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://kernel.sh/docs/info/pricing.md",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Headless browser",
          "value": 0.0000166667,
          "unit": "$/second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://kernel.sh/docs/info/pricing.md",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Headful browser",
          "value": 0.0001333336,
          "unit": "$/second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://kernel.sh/docs/info/pricing.md",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Headful + GPU",
          "value": 0.0008000016,
          "unit": "$/second",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://kernel.sh/docs/info/pricing.md",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "perSecond",
        "perSecond": 0.0000166667,
        "rounding": "second",
        "planLabel": "Headless rate (headful is 8×)"
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Free: $0/mo with $5/month usage credits, 5 concurrent browsers, no credit card.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.kernel.sh/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Free",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "$5/mo credits",
          "concurrency": "5",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.kernel.sh/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Hobbyist",
          "monthlyFee": 30,
          "included": "$10/mo credits",
          "concurrency": "10",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.kernel.sh/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Start-up",
          "monthlyFee": 200,
          "included": "$50/mo credits",
          "concurrency": "150",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.kernel.sh/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Idle billing",
          "value": "Not billed after 5 s idle (Standby Mode)",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://kernel.sh/docs/info/pricing.md",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Managed cloud Chromium",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.kernel.sh/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": false,
          "note": "Isolation mechanism not documented on the pricing page."
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "TypeScript, Python, Go",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.kernel.sh/docs/introduction/create",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null
    },
    {
      "id": "browser-use",
      "name": "Browser Use",
      "category": "browser",
      "website": "https://browser-use.com",
      "pricingUrl": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://browser-use.com/legal/terms-of-service",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Pay as you go, no subscription. Browser time rounded up to whole minutes, 1-minute minimum.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Browsers",
          "value": 0.02,
          "unit": "$/browser-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Residential proxy",
          "value": 5,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Own proxy / direct",
          "value": 0.2,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Browser agents",
          "value": "Model cost + 20%",
          "unit": "plus browser time",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "perHour",
        "perHour": 0.02,
        "rounding": "minute",
        "minSec": 60,
        "planLabel": "Pay as you go"
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "One-time $1 credit for eligible signups, 10 concurrent sessions; top-ups from $5.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Pay as you go",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "$1 one-time credit",
          "concurrency": "10 (rises with total paid: $200 → 50, $1,000 → 250)",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Minimum top-up",
          "value": "$5",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Managed cloud Chromium",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://browser-use.com/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": false,
          "note": "Isolation mechanism not documented on the pricing page."
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Python, TypeScript (browser-use-sdk)",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://docs.browser-use.com/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null
    },
    {
      "id": "hyperbrowser",
      "name": "Hyperbrowser",
      "category": "browser",
      "website": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai",
      "pricingUrl": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
      "termsUrl": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/terms",
      "benchmarks": true,
      "billing": {
        "summary": "Credits (1,000 credits = $1). Same unit rates on Free, Startup and Scale. Billing granularity not stated.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "rates": [
        {
          "label": "Browser usage",
          "value": 0.1,
          "unit": "$/browser-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Proxy data",
          "value": 10,
          "unit": "$/GB",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Sandbox vCPU",
          "value": 0.045,
          "unit": "$/vCPU-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "label": "Sandbox memory",
          "value": 0.015,
          "unit": "$/GiB-hour",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "costModel": {
        "type": "perHour",
        "perHour": 0.1,
        "rounding": "unverified",
        "planLabel": "Base rate"
      },
      "freeTier": {
        "summary": "Free: 5,000 credits ($5) included.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "plans": [
        {
          "name": "Free",
          "monthlyFee": 0,
          "included": "5,000 credits ($5)",
          "concurrency": null,
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Startup",
          "monthlyFee": 30,
          "included": "$30 usage / month",
          "concurrency": "25",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "Scale",
          "monthlyFee": 100,
          "included": null,
          "concurrency": "100",
          "maxSession": null,
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        {
          "label": "Data retention",
          "value": "30 days (Startup, Scale)",
          "source": {
            "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
            "fetched": "2026-10-17",
            "verified": true
          }
        }
      ],
      "isolation": {
        "value": "Managed cloud Chromium",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://www.hyperbrowser.ai/pricing",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": false,
          "note": "Isolation mechanism not documented on the pricing page."
        }
      },
      "sdks": {
        "value": "Node.js, Python",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://docs.hyperbrowser.ai/llms.txt",
          "fetched": "2026-10-17",
          "verified": true
        }
      },
      "commercialNote": null,
      "unverified": [
        "Billing granularity / minimum session charge",
        "Free-plan concurrency"
      ]
    }
  ]
}